Website: https://copilot.microsoft.com/
Uses: generates text, code, and images using ChatGPT and DALL-E. Includes links to some web resources.
Licensing: Proprietary
Access: website
Company: Microsoft
Cost/Upgrade Version: Free basic access (no sign-in required); additional features available when you sign-in with your Microsoft 365 log-in
User Privacy: see the Data, Privacy, and Security for Microsoft 365 Copilot page
Website: https://chatgpt.com
Uses: generates text, code and images.
Licensing: Proprietary
Access: web, iOS, Android
Company: OpenAI
Cost/Upgrade Version: Basic tier is free and no account is needed. Upraded version is available for $20/month and requires a user account with OpenAI.
User Privacy: OpenAI Privacy Policy (for non-European users) and OpenAI Privacy Policy (for EU)
Will collect personal information and provide information to partners, in addition to analysis of user behavior.
Model Training Set: Trained using the Common Crawl open dataset in addition to resources like Wikipedia, books, and news articles.
Website: https://gemini.google.com/
Uses: Generates text, code and images. Includes links to some web sources.
Licensing: Proprietary
Access: Google Gemini website and through Google app integrations. Formerly known as Bard.
Company: Google
Cost/Upgrade: Basic tier is free but requires Google account. Upgraded version (Gemini Advanced) costs $19.99/month as of April 2025 and offers further integration within Google apps, 2 TB storage, priority access for new features, and other premium features.
Privacy: Gemini Apps Privacy Hub; Uses location, past conversation data to provide responses. Will save and share data with other Google products if linked.
Website: https://llama.meta.com/ or https://meta.ai
Uses: generates text, code and images.
Access: Use it immediately through Meta AI or download Llama and deploy locally
Company: Meta
Cost/Upgrade: Free
Licensing: Llama is open with some restrictions (https://github.com/faceboksearch/llama/blob/main/LICENSE)
Privacy: Meta Privacy Policy - Requires submission of name and email in order to download the model. Once downloaded, the model can then be run locally without sharing data.
Model Training Set: Trained with data sources similar to those of other LLMs, but only those with publicly available data that are “compatible with open sourcing”. See https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.13971.pdf for full details on training data and list of data sources.
Website: https://claude.ai/login
Company: Anthropic
Access: web and also available in Slack
Uses: Built on their own model: Claude 4.5 Sonnet which includes:
Cost/Upgrade Version: Free. Pro version ($20/mo).
Privacy: See Claude's privacy policies.
Focused on reliability and safety.
No web search results. Trained on data through July 2025.
Adapted from Beyond ChatGPT: Other Useful Language Models by University of Arizona Libraries © 2025 The Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of The University of Arizona, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
A more exhaustive list of generative AI tools that may be of interest to university students and faculty is maintained by Ithaka S+R at https://sr.ithaka.org/our-work/generative-ai-product-tracker/
Website: https://elicit.com/
Uses: literature searching, data extraction from PDFs, summarizes individual papers using LLMs, synthesize results from multiple papers to create an overall summary
Company: Elicit
Cost/Upgrade Version: Free version provides basic services. Two paid tiers provide increased functionality.
User Privacy: Will collect personal information and provide information to partners, in addition to analysis of user behavior. See more information on their privacy statement.
Additional Information: Like all LLM summaries, the output draws from a limited scope of information and has a tendency to contain biases. All summaries should be read critically and should not be viewed as a total replacement of engaging with the literature. The focus of Elicit is predominantly on synthesizing empirical research. Is not the best fit for humanities research. Articles gathered from Semantic Scholar.
Website: https://consensus.app/
Uses: literature searching, provides a "consensus meter" of how the results align with your question (yes, maybe, no), summarizes individual papers using LLMs, synthesize results from multiple papers to create an overall summary
Company: Union Square Ventures
Cost/Upgrade Version: Free version provides limited services. Paid tiers provide increased functionality and increased access.
User Privacy: Will collect personal information and provide information to partners, in addition to analysis of user behavior. See more information on their privacy statement.
Additional Information: Like all LLM summaries, the output draws from a limited scope of information and has a tendency to contain biases. All summaries should be read critically and should not be viewed as a total replacement of engaging with the literature. The focus of Consensus is predominantly on synthesizing empirical research. Is not the best fit for humanities research. Articles gathered from Semantic Scholar.
Website: https://www.researchrabbit.ai/
Uses: Literature mapping - i.e. tracking citations to create a "map" of citations affiliated with a paper. Also provides citations for similar work.
Company: Research Rabbit
Cost/Upgrade Version: Free to use.
User Privacy: Will collect personal information and provide information to partners, in addition to analysis of user behavior. See more information on their privacy statement.
Additional Information: Articles gathered from Semantic Scholar & PubMed.
Website: https://inciteful.xyz/
Uses: Literature mapping - i.e. tracking citations to create a "map" of citations affiliated with a paper. Also provides citations for similar work. Ranks affiliated papers by "importance" using PageRank scores.
Company: Inciteful
Cost/Upgrade Version: Free to use.
User Privacy: At the time of writing, Inciteful does not have a published privacy statement. Based on similar products, one would assume that they will collect personal information and provide information to partners, in addition to analysis of user behavior.
Additional Information: Articles gathered from Semantic Scholar, Open Alex, Crossref, & Open Citations.
Website: https://notebooklm.google
Uses: Synthesizes sources that you upload and outputs them into summaries, study guides, podcasts, discussion questions, quizzes, FAQs and more. Pull information from your sources and cites directly from them (no hallucinations).
Licensing: Proprietary
Access: Google NotebookLM website, Google apps.
Company: Google
Cost/Upgrade: Basic tier is free but requires Google account. Upgraded Notebook Plus account costs $19.99/month, as part of a Google One AI Premium plan as of April 2025 and offers further integration within Google apps, 2 TB storage, priority access for new features, and other premium features.
Privacy: NotebookLM data protection; as always, do not upload materials confidential or identifying information. Uploaded data is not used to train or improve the model.